1435 Owen Tudor imprisoned

Sir Owen Tudor (Welsh - Owain ap Maredudd ap Tudur, c. 1400 - 1461) was a Welsh courtier and the second husband of Catherine of Valois (1401 - 1437), Henry V's widow. He was the grandfather of Henry VII, founder of the Tudor dynasty. Following Queen Catherine's death, Owen Tudor lost the protection from the statute on dowager queen's remarriage and was imprisoned in Newgate Prison. In 1438 he escaped but was later recaptured and held in the custody of the constable of Windsor Castle. In 1439 Henry VI of England granted him a general pardon, restoring his goods and lands.

1409 Harlech Castle captured

Harlech Castle is a medieval fortification, constructed atop a spur of rock close to the Irish Sea. It was built by Edward I during his invasion of Wales (1282 - 1289). Over the next few centuries, the castle played an important part in several wars, withstanding the siege of Madog ap Llywelyn (1294 - 95), but falling to Owain Glyndŵr in 1404. It then became Glyndŵr's residence and military headquarters for the remainder of the uprising until being recaptured by English forces in 1409. During the 15th century Wars of the Roses, Harlech was held by the Lancastrians for seven years, before Yorkist troops forced its surrender in 1468. UNESCO considers Harlech to be one of "the finest examples of late 13th century and early 14th century military architecture in Europe", and it is classed as a World Heritage site.

1403 Battle of Stalling Down

The Battle of Stalling Down is a battle between the supporters of the Welsh leader Owain Glyndŵr and those of King Henry IV of England. It was part of the Glyndŵr Rising or Welsh Revolt of 1400 - 1415. The exact site of the battle and the precise details of the action are not known. The general site is known locally as Bryn Owain, meaning Owain's Hill. The battle is said to have lasted 18 hours and resulted in an appalling defeat for the King's army. The English army retreated through Cardiff pursued by the Welsh, in a thunderstorm and terrible conditions including flooding.

1399 Henry of Monmouth Prince of Wales

Henry V (1387 - 1422) was King of England from 1413 until his death at the age of 35. After his father's death, Henry assumed control of the country and embarked on war with France in the ongoing Hundred Years' War (1337 - 1453). His military successes culminated in his famous victory at the Battle of Agincourt (1415, northern France). After months of negotiation with Charles VI of France, the Treaty of Troyes (1420) recognized Henry V as regent and heir-apparent to the French throne, and he was subsequently married to Charles's daughter, Catherine of Valois. Following Henry V's sudden and unexpected death in France two years later, he was succeeded by his infant son, who reigned as Henry VI.

1343 Edward, the Black Prince

Edward of Woodstock (after his birthplace, 1330 - 1376), was the eldest son of King Edward III and Philippa of Hainault, and the father of King Richard II of England. He was the first Duke of Cornwall (from 1337), the Prince of Wales (from 1343) and the Prince of Aquitaine (1362 - 72). Since the 16th century has been popularly known as the Black Prince. He was an exceptional military leader, and his victories over the French at the Battles of Crécy and Poitiers made him very popular during his lifetime. In 1348 he became the first Knight of the Garter, of whose order he was one of the founders.

1339 Farndon Bridge

Farndon Bridge crosses the River Dee and the England-Wales border between the villages of Farndon, Cheshire, England and Holt, Wales. The bridge was built in 1339 by Monks from St Werburgh's Abbey Chester. It originally had ten arches with a large gate tower on the fifth arch. In the 18th century the tower was demolished and two of the arches on the Welsh side were lost. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade I listed building, and is a scheduled monument ("nationally important" archaeological site or historic building, given protection against unauthorized change). The bridge is reputedly haunted by the ghosts of a Welsh prince's two murdered sons, who were drowned in the river.

1327 Edward II of England

Edward II (1284 - 1327), also called Edward of Caernarfon, was King of England from 1307 until he was deposed in January 1327. In 1308, he married Isabella of France, the daughter of the powerful King Philip IV. When Isabella was sent to France to negotiate a peace treaty in 1325, she turned against Edward and refused to return. Isabella allied herself with the exiled Roger Mortimer, and invaded England with a small army in 1326. Edward's regime collapsed and he fled into Wales, where he was captured in November. He was forced to relinquish his crown in January 1327 in favour of his fourteen year old son, Edward III.