1272 Fortified stone Monnow Bridge

Monnow Bridge in Monmouth, is the only remaining mediaeval fortified river bridge in Great Britain with its gate tower still standing in place. It crosses the River Monnow some 500m above its confluence with the River Wye. The stone bridge is constructed of Old Red Sandstone, with three arches on hexagonal piers forming pointed cutwaters. The gatehouse, called Monnow Gate, which gives Monnow Bridge its remarkable and noteworthy appearance, was added at the end of the 13th or start of the 14th century, a few years after the bridge itself was built.

1268 Caerphilly Castle

Caerphilly Castle (Welsh - Castell Caerffili) is a medieval fortification in Caerphilly in South Wales. The castle was constructed by Gilbert de Clare in the 13th century as part of his campaign to conquer Glamorgan, and saw extensive fighting between Gilbert and his descendants and the native Welsh rulers. It occupies around 30 acres (12 ha) and is the second largest castle in Britain. In the late 15th century, however, it fell into decline and by the 16th century the lakes had drained away and the walls were robbed of their stone. The Marquesses of Bute acquired the property in 1776 and under the third and fourth Marquesses extensive restoration took place.

1241 Treaty of Gwerneigron

Treaty of Gwerneigron was a peace treaty signed by Henry III, king of England and Dafydd ap Llywelyn, prince of Wales of the House of Gwynedd, in August. The treaty brought to an end Henry's invasion of Wales. In it, and the Treaty of London which followed in October, Dafydd agreed to cede large parts of modern-day Flintshire to Henry. The treaty also obliged Dafydd to hand over his half-brother, Gruffudd ap Llywelyn Fawr, to Henry, who promptly imprisoned him in the Tower of London.

1216 Llywelyn the Great

Llywelyn the Great (Welsh - Llywelyn Fawr, c. 1172 - 1240) was a Prince of Gwynedd in north Wales. By a combination of war and diplomacy he dominated Wales for 40 years. He was sole ruler of Gwynedd by 1200 and made a treaty with King John of England that year. Llywelyn's relations with John remained good for the next ten years. He married John's natural daughter Joan in 1205. By 1216, he was the dominant power in Wales, holding a council at Aberdyfi that year to apportion lands to the other princes.

1170 Cistercian monastery of Strata Marcella

The Abbey of Strata Marcella (Welsh - Abaty Ystrad Marchell) was a medieval Cistercian monastery situated at Ystrad Marchell on the west bank of the River Severn near Welshpool, Powys. It was founded in 1170 by Owain Cyfeiliog Prince of Powys, as a daughter house of the Abbey at Whitland. Building work continued until the early 13th century, by which time Strata Marcella had become the largest Cistercian Abbey in Wales.

1130 Construction of Painscastle

Painscastle (Welsh - Castell-paen) is a castle in Powys, Wales and also a village which takes its name from the castle. It lies approximately 3 miles from the Wales-England border today. The ground plan is rectangular and Roman artifacts have been found at the site. The first castle would appear to have been built by Pain FitzJohn. He was killed by a Welsh raiding party in 1137 and Elfael in which Painscastle stands, was taken over by the native Welsh ruler, Madog ab Idnerth.

1102 Castellan of Pembroke Castle

Gerald de Windsor (c. 1075 - 1135), or Gerald FitzWalter of Windsor, was the first castellan of Pembroke Castle in Dyfed, and the Norman chieftain in charge of the Norman forces in southwest Wales.  He was a younger son of Walter FitzOtho by his wife, Beatrice. Gerald had at least three older brothers, William, Robert, and Maurice, and possibly several sisters as well. Gerald's wife Nest ferch Rhys was a Welsh princess, daughter of Rhys ap Tewdwr, last King of Deheubarth. Through her the Fitzgeralds are related to Welsh royalty and to the Tudors.